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  1. This forum is for questions related to the use of Apollo. We will answer some general choice modelling questions too, where appropriate, and time permitting. We cannot answer questions about how to estimate choice models with other software packages.
  2. There is a very detailed manual for Apollo available at http://www.ApolloChoiceModelling.com/manual.html. This contains detailed descriptions of the various Apollo functions, and numerous examples are available at http://www.ApolloChoiceModelling.com/examples.html. In addition, help files are available for all functions, using e.g. ?apollo_mnl
  3. Before asking a question on the forum, users are kindly requested to follow these steps:
    1. Check that the same issue has not already been addressed in the forum - there is a search tool.
    2. Ensure that the correct syntax has been used. For any function, detailed instructions are available directly in Apollo, e.g. by using ?apollo_mnl for apollo_mnl
    3. Check the frequently asked questions section on the Apollo website, which discusses some common issues/failures. Please see http://www.apollochoicemodelling.com/faq.html
    4. Make sure that R is using the latest official release of Apollo.
  4. If the above steps do not resolve the issue, then users should follow these steps when posting a question:
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Search found 1370 matches

by stephanehess
15 Sep 2026, 06:41
Forum: Model estimation
Topic: Runtime and convergence for large multi-select MDCEV models
Replies: 1
Views: 1850

Re: Runtime and convergence for large multi-select MDCEV models

Hi

the version without mixing should not cause problems, especially as the forthcoming version of Apollo will include analytical gradients for MDCEV and MDCNEV. For the version with mixing, you'll want to ensure you run this on a machine with sufficient RAM and a large number of cores

Stephane
by stephanehess
07 Sep 2026, 17:29
Forum: Model specification
Topic: modelling unforced choice in dual-response DCE
Replies: 1
Views: 2817

Re: modelling unforced choice in dual-response DCE

If the second choice is truly only between the first pref and the opt-out, then it's indeed a sequence of two binary choices. let's say someone chooses A over B, then SQ over A. It would then be P(A|A,B)*P(SQ|B,SQ). You need to model them jointly in this way. If you only model the choice for the ...
by stephanehess
07 Sep 2026, 17:25
Forum: Model specification
Topic: AIC and BIC disagreeing unanimously in opposite directions
Replies: 1
Views: 2217

Re: AIC and BIC disagreeing unanimously in opposite directions

hi

from what you describe, model B is a restricted version of model A, so the correct comparison is to use a likelihood-ratio test

Stephane
by stephanehess
19 Aug 2026, 11:46
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Negative scale coefficient in MaxDiff / Case 2 BWS LC model
Replies: 3
Views: 11721

Re: Negative scale coefficient in MaxDiff / Case 2 BWS LC model

There are a number of other possible reasons here:

- class 2 captures people that do not engage with the worst choice, and the scale parameter is thus not different from 0
- the simple asymmetry assumption between best and worst might not be appropriate

On that second one, did you try separate ...
by stephanehess
03 Jul 2026, 13:09
Forum: Models and estimation
Topic: Choosing 'beta_fixed' paramters for Latent Class
Replies: 1
Views: 11520

Re: Choosing 'beta_fixed' paramters for Latent Class

Hi

the simple logic to follow is that only differences in utility matter. So in each class, you need to make sure that your model is idenitifed, so e.g. fixing one level for categorical variables and one ASC. In the class allocation models, the characteristics are shared across classes, so there ...
by stephanehess
19 Jun 2026, 07:41
Forum: Model specification
Topic: CNL models with individual alphas
Replies: 4
Views: 23671

Re: CNL models with individual alphas

Hi - you can use apollo_deltaMethod for that, just write down the expression for the difference in the alphas
by stephanehess
02 Jun 2026, 09:45
Forum: Model estimation
Topic: Hardware requirements for complex hybrid latent class models in Apollo
Replies: 5
Views: 17521

Re: Hardware requirements for complex hybrid latent class models in Apollo

Peter

how many draws are you using? And what were the runtimes like for simpler specifications of the model, e.g. just latent class? That would tell us whether there are some issues specific to your implementation, as your model per se is not beyond models we have successfully run on standard ...
by stephanehess
27 May 2026, 22:07
Forum: Model specification
Topic: Mediated HCM choice structure using apollo_combineModels
Replies: 5
Views: 40391

Re: Mediated HCM choice structure using apollo_combineModels

Hi

yes, this clarifies things, though adding an LV does not necessarily solve endogeneity issues of course

Stephane
by stephanehess
19 May 2026, 08:00
Forum: Model specification
Topic: Mediated HCM choice structure using apollo_combineModels
Replies: 5
Views: 40391

Re: Mediated HCM choice structure using apollo_combineModels

I would potentially interact it with the thresholds in your ordered model for car use

regarding the joint model, what is shared between the models?
by stephanehess
12 May 2026, 20:21
Forum: Models and estimation
Topic: Large standard deviations of correlated Mixed Logit
Replies: 1
Views: 23253

Re: Large standard deviations of correlated Mixed Logit

Hi

I would not analyse the distribution of the conditional means alone, as that ignores the uncertainty around them. You should look at the full distribution, which you can get from the sample level results (apollo_unconditionals).

But high heterogeneity can of course make sense anyway

Stephane