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  1. This forum is for questions related to the use of Apollo. We will answer some general choice modelling questions too, where appropriate, and time permitting. We cannot answer questions about how to estimate choice models with other software packages.
  2. There is a very detailed manual for Apollo available at http://www.ApolloChoiceModelling.com/manual.html. This contains detailed descriptions of the various Apollo functions, and numerous examples are available at http://www.ApolloChoiceModelling.com/examples.html. In addition, help files are available for all functions, using e.g. ?apollo_mnl
  3. Before asking a question on the forum, users are kindly requested to follow these steps:
    1. Check that the same issue has not already been addressed in the forum - there is a search tool.
    2. Ensure that the correct syntax has been used. For any function, detailed instructions are available directly in Apollo, e.g. by using ?apollo_mnl for apollo_mnl
    3. Check the frequently asked questions section on the Apollo website, which discusses some common issues/failures. Please see http://www.apollochoicemodelling.com/faq.html
    4. Make sure that R is using the latest official release of Apollo.
  4. If the above steps do not resolve the issue, then users should follow these steps when posting a question:
    1. provide full details on the issue, including the entire code and output, including any error messages
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Search found 1348 matches

by stephanehess
22 Feb 2026, 09:14
Forum: Models and estimation
Topic: WTP estimates
Replies: 1
Views: 1906

Re: WTP estimates

Hi

how about your MNL results? Were they also unexpectedly high?

Stephane
by stephanehess
13 Feb 2026, 10:37
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient
Replies: 5
Views: 4298

Re: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient

Hi

this seems more of an issue of how people reacted to the attribute, rather than a modelling issue per se. Did you run a focus group or pilot at all?

Stephane
by stephanehess
04 Feb 2026, 11:37
Forum: Model specification
Topic: Combining experiments and feasibility of using nested logit structure
Replies: 1
Views: 2626

Re: Combining experiments and feasibility of using nested logit structure

Hi

not sure what your aim is re the alpha parameter, but otherwise, combining the models would be fine, of course with a scale parameter. There's an example on the Apollo website

Regarding NL, this won't really work. As you'll only ever have two alternatives available at a time, the probs would be ...
by stephanehess
03 Feb 2026, 07:42
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient
Replies: 5
Views: 4298

Re: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient

To diagnose it further, can you try a model with a categorical treatment of price, just to see the non-linearity

you might also want to think about a nested logit model
by stephanehess
23 Jan 2026, 12:27
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Mixed Logit Model for BWS: differences between Apollo and Stata estimations + baseline option issue in Apollo
Replies: 3
Views: 4217

Re: Mixed Logit Model for BWS: differences between Apollo and Stata estimations + baseline option issue in Apollo

Hi

they are clearly not the same model. You need to get exactly the same results for MNL. Can you show us the specification for both packages? I note the Stata one has a constant for example

Regarding item_4, this will work, but you need to include it in the utility functions of course

Stephane
by stephanehess
22 Jan 2026, 07:45
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient
Replies: 5
Views: 4298

Re: Unexpected sign for remuneration coefficient

Hi

this could well have to do with your first alternative, which I assume is an opt-out? What were the levels for that?

Stephane
by stephanehess
28 Dec 2025, 14:51
Forum: Bug reports
Topic: Element gradientObs not in model object
Replies: 3
Views: 8029

Re: Element gradientObs not in model object

sorry, not at present. It should be possible in a month or so
by stephanehess
17 Dec 2025, 13:36
Forum: Bug reports
Topic: Element gradientObs not in model object
Replies: 3
Views: 8029

Re: Element gradientObs not in model object

hi

this was in an earlier version of Apollo, and is not currently implemented. It will be added again in the near future, but requires a change to the bgw optimiser first

Stephane
by stephanehess
15 Dec 2025, 10:46
Forum: Estimation results
Topic: Difference between standard vs robust t-ratios
Replies: 1
Views: 4190

Re: Difference between standard vs robust t-ratios

Hi

yes, these differences are very large, and also go in the opposite direction of what we typically see. Did you try a basic version of the model, without all the attributes?

Stephane